High-Risk Family Assessment Snd Health Promotion Essay

High-Risk Family Assessment and Health Promotion Mary Ann Bennett University of Phoenix NUR/542 Melinda Church August 6, 2012 High-Risk Family Assessment and Health Promotion Assessing health needs is a fundamental nursing skill. Unfortunately, many nurses only associate the assessment process to the individual patient they are caring for and fail to assess and address the needs of the entire family. Performing a family assessment is vital, especially when working with high risk individuals and groups. High risk families can be defined as those families with a higher than expected risk for developing a particular disease or injury in association to their lifestyle, environment, habits, or socio-economic†¦show more content†¦To compound the issue, often the affected veteran will turn to high-risk behaviors in an attempt to find resolution or relief including smoking, social isolation, abuse of alcohol and drugs, and the display of violent or aggressive behavior. Frequently, depression or other mental health issues arise. In a domino effect, the high risk behavior frequently leads to unemployment, ha bitual drug or alcohol use, poor or absent parenting, fractured family units, unsafe sex, participation in dangerous sports or driving, and in some instances, suicide. Last, stress along with the indulgence of smoking and the consumption of alcohol and drugs can also lead to chronic health issues including hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, pulmonary disease, and digestive disorders. Assessment and Theory Application Effective treatment of PTSD can only take place if the disorder is recognized. Symptoms of PTSD are commonly divided into three defining sections: (1) reliving the traumatic event, (2) detachment and avoidance, and (3) exaggerated responses (NCBI, 2010). When a patient relives the traumatic event, it occurs in a manner in which it interferes with the normal process of daily life. This can include recurring flashbacks or dreams and distressing memories, which manifest negative physical reactions. Detachment and avoidance is demonstrated through loss of interest in current living situation, avoidance of people or places that may

What should be done with our solid waste Free Essays

The amount of solid waste in the world’s economically developed countries has been increasing dramatically during the 20th century. This is due to increasing economic affluence like increased consumption of ebergy and raw materials, the increased manufacture and transport sale. Also free constant demand for the products that does not last for long like toys. We will write a custom essay sample on What should be done with our solid waste or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is an increase in the amount the world, which requires considerable packaging. Also use of a wide range of variety of products cause the production of more waste. Many things have been done to solve this problem. But we have not managed to solve the hole problem, but there are some particular methods how to reduce the waste. The three methods i am going to include in this essay are the landfill method, the incieration and recycling.Landfills are facilities that serve as long-term disposal sites for community solid wastes. They are designed and operated to protect both the community and the environment from contamination. When properly operated, landfill sites can ensure clean groundwater and clean air in the community and environment. Proper landfill design will enhance the environmental protection provided by locating the landfill correctly. When selecting a landfill location it is preferable to have a site located in an environment that provides natural protection. Similarly, a site where landfill generated contaminants are naturally reduced to acceptable concentrations or are naturally contained is preferable. This is known as a site with abilities of natural self attenuation. Where self attenuation is not possible, it is necessary to construct a landfill facility in a designated area. Advantages A properly sited and engineered landfill offers much better control of the environmental and health hazards associated with waste disposal than a garbage dump or burning pit. After a landfill has been closed, the site is landscaped and can be converted into a park, tobogganing hills, golf courses, etc. A new landfill can also serve as an incentive for increased environmental awareness in the community. In communities currently using a garbage dump or burning pit, the regular collection of community solid waste and its disposal in a landfill encourages the separation and safe disposal of hazardous waste and can even serve as a starting point for a recycling program. A well-run landfill can become a source of pride to a First Nations community, allowing the community to serve as a model of environmentally responsible community solid waste management. Disadvantages A key disadvantage of the community solid waste landfill relates more to public perception than with a flaw in the solid waste management method itself. Many people, usually confusing the landfill with the uncontrolled garbage dump, react negatively and strongly to the idea of building a new community solid waste landfill in their community. One operational disadvantage is the difficulty in applying cover materials in winter months. To ensure the coverage of wastes in winter conditions, heavy equipment may be needed which may not be available in small communities. Secondly, a landfill also produces what is commonly termed â€Å"landfill gas.† This gas, which consists primarily of methane, forms because of the decomposition of organic wastes in the landfill. If allowed to accumulate in a confined space, landfill gas can pose a danger as an explosive. Because of the small scale of a typical First Nations community landfill, the low level of landfill gas produced, does not usually pose serious hazards to the community and to the environment. Also, depending on community size, landfills require a large land base to meet the community’s current and future needs. Hauling waste off-reserve to a nearby municipal or regional landfill would better preserve a community’s land base. Finally, constructing and operating a community solid waste landfill may require more financial resources than hauling waste off-reserve. How to cite What should be done with our solid waste, Papers

Revisiting the Error in Studies of Cognitive Errors

Question: Write a summary on revisiting the Error in studies of cognitive errors? Answer: The given article has been a real eye opener for a person like me who has always been a staunch believer of logic. While I always assumed without question that it is logic only which is objective and above linguistic and semantic barriers, the claims made in the article clearly question the underlying objectivity of logic as an all pervasive judgement tool. The article relates logic with human perception and since in perception there are always judgement errors due to the innate subjectivity, hence it also logically leads to subjectivity in logic which is disturbing to some extent. This is primarily because something (logic) which I have assumed to be infallible and open to interpretation is essentially a subjective phenomenon which depends on the circumstances and perception. The concept of good judgement errors is also engaging especially with the example of Post-It as it aims to establish that judgement errors are all too pervasive and thus need to be better understood. The author has also questioned the link of logic with rationality and in this manner questioned the relationship which I have innately assumed to be true because of the empirical instances regarding of the co-existence of the two. Further using data, the author also seems to question the impact of making representations differently on the way the information derived from these talks is eventually processed leading to multiple variants. Using the Wason selection task, it is apparently clear that logic is infallible and more importantly so subjective that makes it difficult to predict provided proper modelling has not been done. While the author reluctantly decides to assume that logic is free from the effect of semantics and representations but then is able to defy the same using valid arguments. The underlying cause for the same is convincing since it is attributed to the different manners in which information is processed by different human beings in different ways and hence the same information may lead to varied judgements and to call just one judgement as being correct and the remaining ones as being fallacious or dubious is a rather presumptive assumption. This idea actually appeals to me as I have seen in numerous instances when discussing something with friends, the conclusion they draw from a piece of information may be starkly different from mine but at the same time they may have an underlying logic as st rong as mine because essentially logic is a subjective thing which cannot be assumed to so objective as we see. I particular like the stance the author takes in the sense he is not against the existence of logic but the obsession with its objectivity and the biases and errors during its application. Further the obsession with logic as has been advocated by the author actually in counter-productive for the proponents of logic since during their application of logic with scant regard to the context and semantics has resulted in judgement bias being induced in their works. This is made apparent from the various interpretations of the overconfidence bias. I was surprised to learn about the better than average interpretation provided by the author as to how commonly we assume that the underlying distribution is symmetric and additionally it never comes to our mind (including mine) that the average we define for most is highly subjective and so is the final conclusion. Additionally the idea that relates overconfidence with narrow intervals and probabilistic distribution also are quite convincing and have forced me to avoid committing these errors in my life. Further the miscalibration bias introduced as interpretation of overconfidence is also intriguing since it clearly shows our casual usage of percentages and other quantification techniques without necessarily adhering to a uniform calibrating scale. Also from my experience, I now can say that we tend to over rely on these percentages and their underlying logic and subjectivity. In order to reduce these biases, the author has suggested usage of absolute risk rather than relative risk which makes sense since relative risk increases the level of subjectivity involved in the interpretation since no objective baseline is present. Further an ecological view of error is presented on the basis of findings of the research which make sense since logic should not be seen in isolation as a universal yardstick and instead it should be customised as per the content which enables it to maintain its underlying objectivity. Hence it becomes imperative to focus on the way things are presented and logic is applied so that the judgement errors are minimised.

The Youth Criminal Justice Act Summary and Background free essay sample

This essay will discuss the Justice System. The Youth Criminal Justice Act, (YCJA) is the law that governs Canada’s Youth Justice System. It applies to youth who are at least 12 to 17 years old, who are alleged to have committed crimes. These are the three arguments that will explain that the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) is fair and equitable Including; How justice system protect the innocents, protect society, and ensure that those who break the law face appropriate consequences.firstly, the YCJA protecting innocents. (A youth that has committed a crime unintentionally will be affected by this for the rest of his/her life especially those pure and innocent. ) This might prevent them from applying for jobs and joining the society. (The consequences for a serious crime which is convicted to a crimeless youth is harsh enough. Young offenders are not prepared to receive heavy adult sentences such as a sentence of more than 10 years of imprison. We will write a custom essay sample on The Youth Criminal Justice Act Summary and Background or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) (The YCJA controls criminal action by implementing probation and rehabilitation. This puts a youth criminal under supervision until the end of the sentence)Secondly, how the YCJA protect society. (The YCJA wants to protect society, as well as to manage and reduce the risk of offending for young people.) In order for YCJA to protect society. They try to put a young offender out of the adult sentence. And rehabilitate the young offender, so when they get out of prison they will be part of society. They Influence young offenders to make better choices. Tries to make the young offender return back to how they lived before they did their crime. (The YCJA is really effective for changing youth criminal behavior. This act gives the youth chance to change. This also helps them make better decisions to avoid any more troubles. )Finally, the YCJA ensuring that those who break the law will face appropriate consequences. (The YCJA allows police, prosecutors, judges, and volunteers and professionals from the community to decide what happens to each young offender. (These all consider factors such as the following: The seriousness, depending on how serious the crime is the more consequences received. The records, depending on the history, they will get much worse consequences due to their criminal records. The personality, depending on their attitude and responsibility for what they did, they will face a consequence much worse if their behavior is unacceptable. The actions, depending on what they do in their community, home, or school when they figure out they will receive a social worker to help them.)Conclusion, (the justice system treats all young offenders the same, equally and fairly. The court and everyone involved in the justice system considers the youth’s situation and circumstances. They are not treated in an exact manner, but judgments are still carried out fairly and non-biased.)

Animal Welfare to Animal Rights Spectrum

Animal Welfare to Animal Rights Spectrum Although animal rights and animal welfare frequently fall on the same side of an issue, there is a fundamental difference between the two ideologies: the right of humans to use animals. The Right to Use Animals One of the basic tenets of animal rights is that humans do not have a right to use non-human animals for our own purposes, which include food, clothing, entertainment, and vivisection. This is based on a rejection of speciesism and the knowledge that animals are sentient beings. There are many who believe that humans do have a right to use animals for some purposes, but believe that animals should be treated better. This position is the animal welfare position. Example of Farmed Animals While the animal rights position seeks the elimination of the use of animals, the animal welfare position seeks more humane conditions for the animals. The difference between these two positions can be seen as applied to an issue like farmed animals. While the animal rights position would hold that humans do not have the right to slaughter and eat animals, the animal welfare position would be that the animals should be treated humanely before and during slaughter. The animal welfare position would not object to the consumption of animals but would seek the elimination of cruel factory farming practices such as confining calves in veal crates, confining pregnant sows in gestational stalls, and debeaking chickens. Animal rights advocates also oppose these cruel practices but seek to eliminate the consumption of animals and animal products. Unacceptable Uses To most supporters of the animal welfare position, some uses of animals are unacceptable because the human benefit is minimal compared to the amount of animal suffering involved. These usually include uses like fur, cosmetics testing, canned hunting, and dogfighting. On these issues, both the animal rights position and animal welfare position would call for the elimination of these uses of animals. Animal Issues Spectrum Like many other issues, there is a wide variety of positions on animal issues. One can imagine a spectrum with animal rights at one end, animal welfare in the middle, and the belief that animals do not deserve any moral consideration on the other end. Many people may find that their views do not fit completely in one box or the other or may find that their positions change depending on the issue. Other Terminology A variety of terms is used to describe positions on animal issues. These include animal protection, animal advocacy, and animal liberation. â€Å"Animal protection† and â€Å"animal advocacy† are usually understood to include both animal rights and animal welfare. Both terms embody the belief that animals should be protected and deserve some moral consideration. â€Å"Animal liberation† is usually used to describe an animal rights position, which would oppose any uses of animals for human purposes.

Business Planning and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Planning and Development - Essay Example The company offered the products and features that were acceptable by the customers. This not only increased the sale rate but also reduced the cost of products. The cost leadership strategy had a positive impact on the company. It ignored the different market segments and focused on the mass market (Porter 1997). The advantages of employing this strategy were that the company charged lower prices, yet got the same profit. The market shares were protected from the rivals. The business had opportunity to reduce its price to compete with the substitute products. All these advantages have secured the business and gave the rivals and competitors a hard time. The difficulties that the company had faced were the technological advancements that the rivals have brought, like better features in low price. The imitation ability of the rival was another hurdle for the company (Cost Leadership Strategy 2010). Following the low cost strategy, our company has targeted less market as compared to ri vals to have a balance between price and cost of the product. The other difficulty that the industry has encountered was related to the market share. Some of the rivals also opted for the low cost leadership strategy due which our market shares reduced. ... The biggest challenge for our company was to provide unique services to the customer and to satisfy maximum number of customers. In achieving this target, we have invested and worked a lot. We have hired consultants, creative teams and professional marketing staff. All of these helped in making a position in the market and increasing the sales and profit of the company. The plans that the company has for future includes expansion of target market, enhancement of customization for the consumers and increase in production units. This requires more assets and operating expense. For that, the company needs loan from the bank so that the operations and sales do not get messed up due to lack of expenses and opportunities. The trade off related to these expansions may be the cost versus benefits. The benefit that the company may get is the profit. And the cost is the cost of expansion and other operating expenses. Benefits and costs are often expressed in monetary terms and are adjusted wit h the money value, which makes the flow of benefits and of costs to be expressed on a common basis of their actual and present value. Â  The biggest problem with this trade off is the accuracy. It’s not necessary that the estimation of the cost and its benefits is always estimated accurately. If the things do not work out, the cost versus benefit may subject risk of bankruptcy. For that, the company must have enough operating expense by which it can keep the company working. The establishment of the business requires a lot of sacrifices and commitment. On a personal note, the commitments that I had to make include the sacrifices of one’s own needs. The lack of prioritizing basic

Negotiating for Jobs, Salaries and Everything Else (Guide) Research Paper

Negotiating for Jobs, Salaries and Everything Else (Guide) - Research Paper Example In this similar context, several aspects need to be considered while negotiating job and salary structure among others with prospective employers. The aspects include remuneration with yearly bonuses, job responsibilities, potential salary hikes or job promotion and cost of living in accordance with salary structure that offers by an organization (Rowe, â€Å"Negotiating for Jobs, Salaries and Everything Else†). This discussion intends to prepare a plan for negotiating jobs, salary structures and other similar aspects by taking into concern certain significant factors. The factors comprise area of interests and power sources of the candidates as well as the prospective employers. I have a good friend who has recently passed out from a renowned management institute and applied for a HR manager post in a mid-sized private organization. He already faced first round of interview and is selected for this post. As a consultant, I prepared a plan for my friend when he was called for second interview round in which the organization would be discussing about his job responsibilities and salary structure. By communicating with the other members of the organization, my friend came to know that the organization would offer a salary structure that ranges between $7000 and $9000 per annum for the post. Moreover, the members also provided a brief idea about the job profile to my friend which the organization is going to offer him. When he told about the job profile and salary structure to me, I was quite surprised to hear him. The job profile is to look after the overall production function of the organization. Contextually, the job profile of a HR manager is to look after various important operational areas of an organization such as recruitment, training programs and performance appraisal relating to the entire workforce through which